Suchergebnisse

The concept of the subject and the concept of the subjectiveness in the Russian psychological science are examined in the article. The purpose of the study is to consider the concepts "the subject" and "the subjectiveness" and to show the possibility of interpreting the subjectiveness as the basis for the manifestation of spiritual capacities. The definitions of these concepts, the characteristics of the subject and the subjectiveness are given, analysed from the point of view of their significance for the manifestation of spiritual capacities. The subject's qualities, distinguished by different researchers, the subject's capacities are described, criteria which allow to determine, whether a person manifests itself as a subject, are given. The approaches for the investigation of the subject are noted; the importance of the system-subjective approach for understanding and studying spiritual capacities is emphasised. The analysis of the concepts of the subject and the subjectiveness made it possible to conclude that the most general characteristics of the subject and the subjectiveness include: activity, integrity, sociality, value, uniqueness, self-development, awareness, freedom of choice and responsibility. These characteristics of the subjectiveness are decisive for the manifestation of spiritual capacities. A person acting as a subject, mobilising its subjective qualities, creates the possibility for the actualisation of spiritual capacities, their development and fruitful implementation in life.

The article is devoted to the psychological analysis of the concept "conscience", which is considered in connection with the psychological model of spiritual capacities [the author's previous works of 2010, 2016]. Conscience is described as a higher moral capacity related to the moral component/level of this model. The psychological frame of considering conscience within the psychological model of spiritual capacities allows emphasising its spiritual nature; explaining the dual nature of its manifestation – rationality/irrationality; showing its connection with higher meanings and absolute values, as well as spiritual and moral qualities, spiritual altruistic orientation, moral feelings and moral experience; noting its interaction with the higher capacities of all three components/levels of the model of spiritual capacities – moral, mental, transcendent. Conscience is interpreted as a regulator of moral behaviour, as a spiritual mentor, guiding a person on the path from the egocentric "I" to the spiritual "I". Thanks to conscience, a person rises to the highest level of personality functioning – a spiritual one, at which it manifests itself as a spiritual personality, focused on the principles of absolute morality.

In the article the possibility of establishing a connection between the creative and moral spheres of the person is discussed. The author analyzes the results of foreign and domestic researches devoted to the study of the relationship between creativity and morality. The concept of "moral capacities" is proposed, its definition is given and three aspects of its study are identified. The results of a study of the relationship between creativity and the cognitive aspect of moral capacities in children of primary school age are presented. The empirical study involved 130 people; age – 7-9 years; boys – 71 people and girls – 59 people. The following methods were used: Torrance Test of Creative Thinking – figural form (study of the creative sphere) and two methods that assess children's ideas about moral behavior (study of the moral sphere). The results obtained show that there is no connection between the indicators of creativity and moral capacities in children of 7-9 years old, which is explained, according to the author, by their age characteristics. When interpreting the results, the specificity of primary school age is considered, associated with a turning point in the child's life.

The notions of silence and wisdom are considered and analysed in the article. Silence is described as a psychological construct and is regarded as psychological manifestations of intellectual activity (its logical and intuitive side), as well as with the characteristics of a wise person. The author identifies the forms and types of silence as a psychological concept. Wisdom is interpreted as a component of higher intellectual abilities classified as spiritual. The connection of wisdom, silence and productive activity is noted.

The article presents the results of a study of manifestations of higher creative capacities related to the creation of real creative products in a free situation of psychodiagnostics in children of 8-9 years old, in comparison with methods for diagnosing creativity and intelligence, which require strict regulation of respondents' activity. The data obtained showed the absence of a relationship betweenexpert assessments of the real creative achievements of children and indicators of psychometric creativity and psychometric intelligence.